Data compression/expansion and compressed data processing



March 21, 1967 R. s. RINALDI EITAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June so, 1964 56 Sheets-sheaf, 1

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'A'INVENTORS RUSSEL c. RINALDI' MOORE A T TO R N E Y BRIAN 23 In: :5; :53 v M3: 52: :2 m 1 :m 1 r m I l :2 :2 A s 1 E m z rm 2 as; 2 A E f 225 U c 52: H :3

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March 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,736

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING 56 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 30, 1964 $5; 2; H mww i E2 WES .7210 :G 3322 32 6 C53; mam $563 A n: 0: v

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March 21, 1967 R|NALD| ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG.4

CYCLE CHART .A.

NORMALA CYCLES COMP DATA A CYCLES A I CYCLES B CYCLES t LAST/3 t LAST/l ABCDEFABCDE'FGHA L WC 1 v \r v READ PROC PROC READ PROC WRITE MEM 1ST 2N0 MEM ONLY MEM CHAR CHAR CHAR FIG. 5

CYCLE CHART X CYCLE READ 1NDEX 1NDEX MEM 1ST 2ND CHAR CHAR March 21, 1967 Filed June 30, 1964 FIG. 6

I R. G. RINALDI ETAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING 36 Sheets-$heet 5 COMPRESS. MODE ADDRESS l N D EX A R EG ADDRESS NONE g 2 B B 8 ZONES A -1 A A =4 2 2 2 N U M ER ALS -HUNDS TENS UNITS March 21, 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June so, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet a.

FIG. 7

CONVERT 2/5 T0 BINARY TRUTH TABLE DEC BINARY TT TH X X X X 0 X X X X 1 X X X X X 2 X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 4 X X X X X 5 X X X X X X 6 X X X X X X 7- X X X X X X X 8 X X X X X 9 X X 'X X X X 10 X X X X X X 11 X X X X X X X 12 X, X

X X X X 13 X X X X X X X 14 X X X X X X X 15 X X X X March 21, 1967 R. a. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,736

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June so, 1964 as Sheets-Sheet v 8 2/5 TO BINARY CONVERT & 11 0 2 ARO n 2050 2 011s 1 D I 11550 0 BELOW THIS FIGURE 2052 2050 1 I: O fi [2064 2060 2 w", a L. W 8 2004 81 H 0 2006 a j 2054 H Y a 2002 2 11 0 4110111 2068 O a 2 110.3 8 I" T 11 1 1 1111s 10 2014 110312, 4 a 14 a 20 n 1 2010 a 4 4 A H 0 81 2078] 2054] 5 11 1 a 7 11 0 20a0 COMPRESS 11001: 1110.591 s00 March 21, 1967 Filed June 30, 1964 R. G. RINALDI ETAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING 56 Sheets-Sheet a FIG. 9 ZONE REGISTER LOAD CONTROLS 2099 1 s FIG 97) {2088 O a 1 a '2 I 10 (H067) BITS 73 2084 1 CYCLE H959) l t F He 52) 9 CYCLE 4 a a 1 5 FIG. 67) O 8 B I T8 18 FIG. 67)

209M 2095 HUND H022 152 968 [2090 ens A CYCLE H910 A COMP A on FIG.26 W & CYC LE F (F1652) (209 2099 4 9 a UNiTS FIG. 22 1 & BITS NOT SPEC CARRY H91? 4242 2402 x 5 H975 1 9 2 BITS 419 210o x CYCLE n 9.34 X r 9 (Fl 9.52) CY 0 LE 2405 4 a a 4242 a x 1 FIG. 75) BITS 2090 ZONE REG FIG. 10

March 21, 1967 Filed June 30, 1964 R. G. RINALDI ETAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING 56 Sheets-Sheet 9 LOAD FIG.|O ZONE REGISTER lCYCLE A REG ACYCLE 1&2 XCYCLE a 2108 A I I G Q i, 2040 PRIM- CHAN 0 1 A an (H05) O+NOH A A SUM H046 2H6 FIGS.

8 I 20402. 210 PRiM CHAN 7 0 2 0 0110 105) I" 2270 w \2447 2H4] 1 R 0 NOT? ZN ADD 2105/ IA? B SUM FG 2AA0 ZONE AA 246 a 2 05 PRIM CHAN L ABIT(FIG.5) a -0 s 1+4 2 A00 2242 T F RL0 NOT4 A SUM H040 a a u, v PRIM CHAN L 2107] BBIT (FIG.5) & 0 =5 A -a 7 2270 L LN ADD F A R 0 NUTS BSUM H04? 8 A f LOAD 2042 ZONE XCYCLE REG A CYCLE 4&8 lCYCLE ans FIG. 9 449 2426 x CYCLE H034 g [2422 A CYCLE (F|G.70)-] 1 A20 A2 AFIGJM 2 1 t0 (HUSH-w 10s A O L CYCLE AF|0.50 a I L RING I, O f (FIG 01) m4 March 21, 1967 R. e. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 56 Shee'ts-Shet 10 FIG. H COMPRESS ADD INPUT TO ZONE ADDER 2454 0044P A00 H026 4 2452 2054 I SPEC CARRY H044 84 1 2455 2450 2090 A 2 4 044445 H022 84 O TABIT a 2 A Q S FIELD 0445 2454 F|G.40 7

O 0044 00442 J 84 A00 4404405 H022 444 40 2054 Z44 ADD 2444 2099 l 2140 044445 FIG.22

209? O r 84 A044 4404405 H022 2045 B PRIM A A 7 [2142 FIELD CHAN 245 I a March 21, 1967 R. e. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June so, 1964 56 Sheets-sheet H6812 COMPRESS DATA INPUT TO ZONE ADDER v 2046 2460 COMP om F|G26 8I /2o1 A CYCLE (F|G.?0)9687-. [2154 4242 2450 Xi (runs 1 A L.

j 2156 O A BIT 2046 I 8 1 5 com? DATA IN To v 2155 Z CONV BITS 1 2452 A H615 2046/ 0 a an x5 (FIG 15) 2 2 8 FIGJB EXPAND DATA INPUT TO ZONE ADDER z CYCLE Man [2168 ABIT 4m T EXPAND mm m T0 2 REG.B|TS FIGJO 2042/ 2462 ZN ADD A 8m FIG.45 8BIT A (1 & 2 BITS G0 DIRECILY T0 CONVERTER) March 21, 1967 Filed June 30, 1964 R. G. RINALDI ET'AL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING 56 Sheetsheet 12 FIG.14 INDEX INPUT TO ZONE ADDER XCYCLE H254 [H9 I x1 (FlGv75) 7 a 2040 4242 (4 20 46 M92 8 I a 24a0 2483 comv BINARY ans HGBfi J 0 TABIT 1 2476 2 2046 2493? 8 x5 (FIG.T5) x4 /2086 0 MIT 2494 ZN REG ens 2042 Z FIGJIO a SPEC CARRY H047 O xs 2496 (M915 1242 2204 2202 O ABIT A BIT PRIMARY 249a 246 2m; CHANNEL a 7 Ban (F|G.5) 88H- l BASI C ADDRESS INDEX IN TO Z ADD H615 March 21, 1967 Fleuzs A BITS INTO ZONE ADDDER B BITS INTO ZONE ADDER DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 36 Sheets-Sheet 15 ZONE ADDER INPUTS COMP ADD A FIELD FIOH COMP DATA F|G.12

Am EXPAND DATA No.43 O 2208 INDEX BASIC ADDRESS FIDAA N-OT I T Am 2242 2248 COMPADDB FIELD FISH 2216 A T1 |NDEX INCREMENT HSM 2222 L NOT I An 2220 A, ZONE 2226 ADDER COMP ADD A FIELD FIGM 2224 A DGPSDSW COMP DATA H042 0 8m. EXPAND DATA FIG. 222 INDEX BASIC ADDRESS FIDA4- 1 NOT )Bm 2234 COMP ADD B FIELD FIG.

H INDEX INCREMENT H044 2236 NOT I J Bn 2258 March 21, 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 50, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 14 H6. 16 A BIT ZONE ADDER 2026 ARITH & LOGIC CKT CARRY FIGZ 2262 449 r CARRY NUM x CYCLE- FIG.34 & 2260 T0 ZONES I x 3 (H025) 242/ I 2094 O l COMP ADD H026- HUNDS FIG.22 1. 8 2264 B CYCLE H655 2259 2266 A m I a NOT An 1 N 2240 NOT Am a I An L. 2242 2216 2250 0 A suN FIGS.40&18

22M I 2246 NOT Am {j 8 T 2222 225 I NOT A SUM H043 ZONE 2208 ADDER Am 1 a 2244 INPUTS An 2208 Am An 2255 224a 2254/ 2208 I Am a 0 A an CARRY TO B an NOT An 7 H44? 2222 2255/ 2244 NOT Am 8 Any,

March 21, 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June so, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 15 FIG.17 2286 B BIT 22540 ZONE ADDER A 044 CARRY 4 7 I 440, 40 40 0 BIT /2284 222 4 Bm 84 4404 En 2250 4404 a m a 2252/ 2249 B s0 44 FIGS. 2230) 40 4 444 4404 44 m 544 4404 B m A DDE R 2224 4 44 4444s B m 84 NOT 0 $044 44045 B n 1 FIG. 4a

2252 2284 2290 2224 Bm 84 0 n 2224 Bm a O 4404 0 r4 2250 4404 am a B n 2252 r2296 4 G (4 46.52) T a 2298 C COMP ADD F|G.26 a ggog 2504 404405 440.22 L

2097 O -s 4 SPEC CARRY I 4405. 44,44,55 44 50 4242 a R 04 4404 SPEC CARRY 445 (440.454 2506/ T440092 2500 2090. I RING I 3 0 4 F 4 c. 04 4 l 8 March 1967 I R. G. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 16 F1610 H6516 & 4?

20m: REG BITS sun ans ADDER OUT CONVERSION i NOT 5- a ,2521 NOT A NOT 1-- 2 M10 ,2528 0 2 A* 2324 B-1 8 NOTZ W 3 NOT a a 2,3,6 QR? 2 TH 2350 NOTB i 2552 0 4 A J (PURE 2 a 6T140R15 BINARY 2553 B 0R ADDER our NOT 1--- BITS H020 2556 0R 0 fuacn CODE) NOT A- NOT1 a v 0 -8 NOT 2 2531 2534 NOTA 0A9 B 8 A N0T2--- OM TT 0 NOT A 0 2 W8 0-9,12,15 & NOT B A a TT Now I 0 8 2sA2 2316 C 2518 B a !1 A Marc}! 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 17 COMPRESS OUTPUT GATE CONTROLS 2052 688 COMPRESS MODE (H059 )L 2414 2 CYCLE F1623 a z 1 F|G.25 /2542 2470 GATE TH T0 RET CHAN 5 5 F|G.20

419 I 2540 x CYCLE H6554 a x 4 (H675 2474] 25so z CYCLE F|G.23 a

2 FIG I GATE TT To RET CHAN v F|G.20

449 2542 5 XCYCLE H6554 a x 5 (H015 arch 21, 1967 R. G. RINALDI ETAL Filed June 30, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 1e COMPRESS OUTPUT GATE COMP ADD Hc.2s-

RETURN CHAN FIG.|9

424 25es B CYCL E Fl c555 a 2099 umrs F|G.22 P

2564 nuuns FIG 22 2562 C B SUM new 0 T a r. 2242 2572 & 2560, A SUM FIG. 16 2046 COMP DATA H626 2578 A CYCLE (Fl c 70) v com 5m 8 FIG 8 2046 a 2m x 1 (F c. 75) H.

1212 & cow v BIN 4 H08 0 6 w 1/4366 comv em 2 Fl 8.8 1 a 2576 1212 x 5 H075) 0 A cowv am 1 FIG 8 M a 40 c ATE TH TO RETURN 23 c HANNE L Fl 0.49

a V ADDER OUT 1 O 1 BlTS H018 8 TT 2 & 2586 1 I 7 t CAT E U T0 23421 COMPRESS OUTPUT CHANNEL March 19.57 R. G. RINALDI E'i'AL 3, 5

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 36 Sheets-Sheet 19 FIG-2 RETURN CHANNEL 2ND CHARACTER GATE COMPRESS OUTPUT CHANNEL FICZO 446 MOVE DATA FIC2'6 (21L 8 BCYCLE No.35 SEC CHAN (F8015) NOT COMP DATA 25 A CYCLE (F1070) L RETURN CHAN l CYCLE (FIG.59) RNGZ PRIMARY CHAN FICCZ COMP ADD H626 O 458 ADD F1024 424 a B CYCLE No.55

ARITHMETIC & LOGIC CIRCUITS FICZ SEC CHAN (FIC15 March 21, 1967 R D ETAL 3,310,786

DATA COMPRESSION/EXPANSION AND COMPRESSED DATA PROCESSING Filed June 30, 1964 56 Sheets-Sheet 2O F E G 2 2 UNITS/ TENS/ HUNDREDS t B H6432 1112 23947 UNITS LAST 1 CYCLE FIGHLMVMOO CONTROL t F Fl 0. 52 a 2592 comp ADD FIG. 26

Q 2598 25 i: 4M8 t UNITS 2094 s 1 L O L R o 2099 R O 99995 w 9 I l 2390 421 9 CYCLE H935 t H EA RLY (H932) 2404 2999 2412 2.408 urms 7 2440 b TENS a 5 av a s L 2404 R L O R o TE NS 7 a a s 1 mums 2092 2 UNITS CONTROL UNITS 

1. IN A DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM WHEREIN DATA COMPRISES CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS, EACH CHARACTER HAVING ADJACENT ZONE AND NUMERIC PORTIONS, AND WHEREIN SAID DATA IS PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS, EACH INSTRUCTION COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS REPRESENTING AN OPERATIONS PART, AND AT LEAST ONE INSTRUCTION ALSO COMPRISING A FIRST ADDRESS PORTION AND A SECOND ADDRESS PORTION; A COMPRESSED DATA ARITHMETIC APPARATUS, COMPRISING: A STORAGE MEANS HAVING A PLURALITY OF ADDRESSABLE LOCATIONS FOR HOLDING GROUPS OF CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS EXPRESSING THE ORDERS OF VALUES, SOME OF SAID ORDERS BEING REPRESENTED BY THE NUMERIC PORTIONS OF CHARACTERS IN SAID GROUPS AND THE REST OF SAID ORDERS BEING REPRESENTED BY THE ZONE PORTIONS OF A NUMBER OF SAID CHARACTERS IN SAID GROUPS; FIRST ADDRESS MEANS CONNECTED TO SAID STORAGE MEANS, OPERABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAID INSTRUCTION FIRST ADDRESS PORTION, FOR GAINING ACCESS TO A FIRST GROUP OF CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS; SECOND ADDRESS MEANS, CONNECTED TO SAID STORAGE MEANS, OPERABLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAID INSTRUCTION SECOND ADDRESS PORTION, FOR GAINING ACCESS TO A SECOND GROUP OF CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS; A NUMERIC ADDER HAVING TWO INPUTS, FOR RECEIVING PORTIONS OF TWO CHARACTERS, AND AN OUTPUT FOR EMITTING A NUMERIC PORTION WHICH IS A FUNCTION OF THE INPUTS; A ZONE ADDER HAVING TWO INPUTS, FOR RECEIVING PORTIONS OF TWO CHARACTERS, AND AN OUTPUT FOR EMITTING A ZONE PORTION WHICH IS A FUNCTION OF THE INPUTS; FIRST NUMERIC TRANSFER MEANS CONNECTEDX TO SAID NUMERIC ADDER INPUTS AND TO SAID STORAGE MEANS, UNDER THE CONTROL OF SAID INSTRUCTION OPERATION PORTION, FOR DIRECTING FROM SAID STORAGE MEANS TO SAID NUMERIC ADDER INPUTS THE ORDERS OF SAID FIRST VALUE REPRESENTED BY THE NUMERIC PORTIONS OF SAID CHARACTERS IN SAID FIRST GROUP AND THE CORRESPONDING ORDERS OF SAID SECOND VALUE, AS ACCESSED BY SAID FIRST AND SECOND ADDRESS MEANS; FIRST ZONE TRANSFER MEANS CONNECTED TO SAID ZONE ADDER INPUTS AND TO SAID STORAGE MEANS, UNDER THE CONTROL OF SAID INSTRUCTION OPERATION PORTION, FOR DIRECTING FROM SAID STORAGE MEANS TO SAID ZONE ADDER INPUTS THE ORDERS OF SAID FIRST VALUE REPRESENTED BY THE ZONE PORTIONS OF SAID NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN SAID FIRST GROUP AND THE CORRESPONDING ORDERS OF SAID SECOND VALUE REPRESENTED BY THE ZONE PORTIONS OF SAID NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN SAID SECOND GROUP, AS ACCESSED BY SAID FIRST AND SECOND ADDRESS MEANS; AND SECOND NUMERIC AND ZONE TRANSFER MEANS CONNECTED RESPECTIVELY TO SAID NUMERIC AND ZONE ADDER OUTPUTS AND TO SAID STORAGE MEANS, UNDER THE CONTROL OF SAID INSTRUCTION OPERATION PORTION, FOR RETURNING TO THE ADDRESSABLE STORAGE LOCATIONS ACCESSED BY SAID SECOND ADDRESS MEANS, IN WHICH SAID SECOND GROUP OF CHARACTER MANIFESTATIONS WERE LOCATED, THE CORRESPONDING NUMERIC PORTIONS AND ZONE PORTIONS EMITTED FROM SAID NUMERIC ADDER AND ZONE ADDER OUTPUTS. 